Protecting digital infrastructure is critical in 2025, as cyber threats escalate in complexity and diversity. Next‑Generation Firewalls (NGFWs) have become the cornerstone for enterprise security, offering not just robust traffic filtering, but also deep packet inspection, advanced threat intelligence, and seamless cloud integration for defense against today’s persistent and evolving threats. Why Top 10 Best […]
U.S. troops attended Russia-Belarus war games on Monday, Pentagon officials confirmed after news organizations photographed them attending Zapad-2025, Reuters reported Tuesday. It was the first time U.S. representatives have attended the sprawling exercise since Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022.
Belarus described the U.S. troops’ appearance as an unexpected addition to the 22 other foreign militaries represented at the wargames, including NATO’s Hungary and Turkey, the Telegraph reported Monday.
“Mr Trump is said to want to reopen the American embassy in Minsk as part of a wider strategy for cultivating ties with one of Vladimir Putin’s closest allies,” the British paper reported, adding, “Just last week, the US president sent [Belarus leader Alexander] Lukashenko a hand-written note” via Trump’s envoy John Coale.
This year’s joint, multidomain Zapad exercises, which began on Sept. 11 and stretch from Belarus to the Arctic, involved some 40,000 troops, far fewer than in pre-invasion years. The Telegraph has a separate look at what’s happening, and what it might mean.
Watching closely was Lt. Gen. Dariusz Parylak, NATO’s commander in Poland and the Baltics. “We will have a kitchen-window observation on how Russia is transferring lessons from Ukraine to training,” Parylak said earlier this month. “That’s vital because it shows how their thinking is developing, how modernisation processes are going and the evolution of their tactics, techniques and procedure doctrines.” More, here.
The U.S. Air Force must move on from decades-old assumptions, says Lt. Gen. David A. Harris, the service’s deputy chief of staff for futures, in a Defense One op-ed. A2/AD tactics have made Bagram-style air bases untenable, and so leaders must develop options for agile, light-footprint operations. In spirit, if not technology, the service must continue the fierce innovation of Gen. Pete Quesada and the 9th Air Force, which put liaison officers in tanks for groundbreaking combined-arms operations. Read that, here.
AFRICOM says it targeted an “al Shabaab weapons dealer” in an attack near Badhan, Somalia last Saturday. The airstrikes were done in coordination with the Somali government, U.S. Africa Command said in a Wednesday press release.
The strikes reportedly targeted Abdullahi Omar Abdi, whom the Ottawa-based Hiiran Online called “the first Somali elder publicly acknowledged to have been killed by a US strike, an escalation that has fueled anger among traditional leaders.” Read on, here.
Lawmaker to Trump’s Pentagon: “There seems to be some confusion this morning, because several of you mentioned that you are going to work for a department that doesn't exist,” Sen. Angus King, I-Maine, told Defense Department officials at a hearing Thursday on Capitol Hill, alluding to the administration’s determination to call it the War Department.
“The name of the department is the Department of Defense,” King said. “That was established in the National Security Act of 1947, amended in 1949. I'll commend to you 10 U.S. Code § 111. If the name of that department is going to be changed, it has to start right here,” King said. “Congress has established the name of the department. It's the Department of Defense, and I hope that you understand that that's who you're going to work for, not some other department that several of you mentioned in your testimony.”
Gen. Eric Smith, the Marine Corps commandant paid a visit to Ingalls Shipbuilding in Mississippi, which builds and repairs amphibious ships, per an HII press release.
Welcome to this Thursday edition of The D Brief, a newsletter dedicated to developments affecting the future of U.S. national security, brought to you by Ben Watson with Bradley Peniston and Meghann Myers. It’s more important than ever to stay informed, so thank you for reading. Share your tips and feedback here. And if you’re not already subscribed, you can do that here. On this day 78 years ago, the National Security Act of 1947 took effect, dropping the “Department of War” from the U.S. military’s formal title, replacing it with the short-lived National Military Establishment—or NME, which if read aloud, one can understand why that was later changed to the Department of Defense two years later.
Middle East
New: More than 10 years after its debut against Hezbollah drones, Israel’s laser-based “Iron Beam” interception system was officially declared operational this week, the Times of Israel reported Wednesday. After several weeks of tests, Israeli officials say the system proved itself against dozens of targets including rockets, mortars, and drones.
In case you’re curious, “The Iron Beam is not meant to replace the Iron Dome or Israel’s other air defense systems, but to supplement and complement them, shooting down smaller projectiles and leaving larger ones for the more robust missile-based batteries such as the David’s Sling and Arrow systems,” the Times reports. i24 News has a bit more.
From the region: The State Department designated several more Iran-backed groups as foreign terrorist organizations on Wednesday. The militias include Harakat al-Nujaba, Kata’ib Sayyid al-Shuhada, Harakat Ansar Allah al-Awfiya, and Kata’ib al-Imam Ali. “Iran-aligned militia groups have conducted attacks on the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad and bases hosting U.S. and Coalition forces, typically using front names or proxy groups to obfuscate their involvement,” the State Department said in its announcement.
Expert reax: The new designation “is both justified and long overdue,” said Joe Truzman of the Washington-based Foundation for Defense of Democracies.
However, he warns, “[T]he move risks straining U.S.–Iraq relations” due to “Iraq’s controversial [Popular Mobilization Forces] law, [which was] amended to fold the militias into the state’s security apparatus. This is a step Washington views as a dangerous legitimization of Tehran’s influence. By issuing FTO designations, the United States appears intent on drawing a line, signaling that Baghdad’s embrace of Iranian-aligned forces is incompatible with a stable partnership with Washington,” Truzman told The D Brief.
Trump 2.0
Cocaine has become much cheaper in the U.S. amid President Trump’s focus on immigrants and fentanyl, the Wall Street Journalreported Tuesday. “Cocaine prices have fallen by nearly half to around $60 to $75 a gram compared with five years ago, said Morgan Godvin, a researcher with the community organization Drug Checking Los Angeles.”
Contributing factors: “The president’s campaign to deport immigrants in the U.S. illegally has taken federal agents away from drug-traffic interdiction,” including in Arizona, where “two Customs and Border Protection checkpoints along a main fentanyl-smuggling corridor from Mexico have been left unstaffed. Officers stationed there were sent to process detained migrants,” the Journal reports.
Also: “Colombia is producing record amounts of cocaine, and the volume of the drug arriving in the U.S. is driving down prices, the people familiar with cartel operations said.”
Vice President JD Vance joked about extrajudicial killing Wednesday. Referring to recent U.S. military strikes on alleged drug trafficking boats that have killed more than a dozen people so far, Vance told a crowd in Michigan, “I wouldn't go fishing right now in that area of the world.”
Reminder: The people on these small boats could easily have been stopped by the U.S. Navy, but the Trump administration chose instead to kill rather than arrest them. Retired Navy Capt. Jon Duffy elaborates on those considerations in an op-ed published last week in Defense One.
Indeed, “Some military lawyers and other Defense Department officials are raising concerns about the legal implications” of Trump’s war on drug cartels, but some of those lawyers and officials “believe they are being ignored or deliberately sidelined,” the Wall Street Journalreported Wednesday.
And: “People should not be able to celebrate others' deaths in a very public way and then keep their jobs,” White House Faith Director Jenny Korn said in a Wednesday interview.Korn was referring to ABC’s suspension of TV host Jimmy Kimmel on Tuesday after FCC commissioner Brendan Carr threatened to pull ABC’s broadcast license over Kimmel’s monologue about the death of Charlie Kirk.
Recommended reading: “Free Speech and Me Speech,” by U.S. historian Tim Snyder writing last week in the wake of Kirk’s death.
The National Guard’s “crime-fighting” mission to pick up trash and blow leaves in DC is costing taxpayers about $2 million per day,USA Today reported Wednesday.
The gist: “So far, the DC National Guard has spent more than $45 million on the deployment, with $18.8 million going toward operations and $26.6 million toward pay and allowances for soldiers, according to the internal tally. That price tag does not include the cost to deploy the more than 1,300 National Guardsmen from eight states that are also stationed in Washington,” which means the final price tag is almost certain to rise.
As of Tuesday, Guard soldiers have “cleared 1,015 bags of trash, spread 744 cubic yards of mulch, removed five truckloads of plant waste, cleared 6.7 miles of roadway, and painted 270 feet of fencing,” the Guard said in a Tuesday update.
Expert reax: “$200 million is a lot of money, but it tracks,” said Virginia Burger of the Project on Government Oversight. “A domestic deployment of that scale is not cheap.”
Historian reax: “We have to be watchful of our reflexive American militarism,” said Tim Snyder, writing Thursday. “It moves us, mindlessly, towards fascism,” he warned.
“By sending troops to city after city, Trump is creating the statistical likelihood that something will happen—a suicide of a service member conflicted by an illegal and immoral mission, a friendly fire incident, the shooting of a protestor—that they can use to manufacture some greater crisis by lying about it. Or they can wait for their Russian friends to stage something, or for one right-wing person to shoot another, and then blame the opposition.”
Update: About 40 troops with the Virginia Air and Army National Guard began supporting ICE this week, Norfolk-based WHRO reported Tuesday. “The Virginia troops are authorized to perform administrative and logistics support tasks, including answering phones, data entry, appointment scheduling, biometric collection, performing basic vehicle maintenance and tracking fleet expenses and utilization,” but they “will not perform law enforcement functions or aid in arrests, according to the governor's office.”
The Guard’s Virginia support to ICE is scheduled to run until mid-November, while the Guard’s DC deployment is authorized to run until the end of November.
Study: Mass deportations do not broadly improve Americans’ job prospects, according to the work (PDF) of Washington College economics professor Robert Lynch, who is testifying this morning before a Democratic-led “shadow hearing” on Capitol Hill.
You may wonder: What is a “shadow hearing”? It occurs when the minority party in Congress will not discuss a particular topic, and the content of this hearing does not become part of the congressional record. Semafor has a bit more, writing in April.
Lynch reviewed U.S. deportations in the 1930s, the 1960s, and between 2008 and 2015. “The most studied measures, employment and unemployment among the U.S. born, were consistently lower for employment and higher for unemployment across these episodes,” Lynch wrote in his report on the topic, published in 2024. He added, “Other measures, such as GDP, also were found to worsen. These adverse effects were the result of native-born workers’ job dependency on the deported immigrant workforce and the loss of immigrant spending in communities which led to economic retrenchment.”
Marine Corps veteran Janessa Goldbeck also spoke about ways she believes National Guard deployments are hurting the people they’re meant to serve, how domestic deployments are taking them away from their families, and often harming the immigrant communities where they live.
“There are two stories that really stand out to me,” Goldbeck said. “One is in California where ICE agents arrested Narciso Barranco, a father of three active-duty U.S. Marines while he was out doing landscaping work. He had no criminal record. His sons have served this country honorably—they’re still serving. Yet their father was pinned to the ground and hauled off like a criminal. He spent nearly a month in detention before being released on bond. For those Marines and every service member who sees this story, the message is clear: Your service doesn’t protect you or your family. And that betrayal cuts deep.” (The New York Times published a profile of Barranco’s story on Wednesday; you can find a gift link for that here.)
“There’s also the story of Alma Bowman in Georgia. She’s the daughter of a U.S. Navy veteran and has lived here for decades,” Goldbeck said. Bowman “was born in the Philippines while her father was serving. She was detained at an ICE check-in despite strong evidence that she is a U.S. citizen by birth. She’s now in a wheelchair struggling with diabetic neuropathy, yet she’s still held in detention.”
The detention of Barranco and Bowman “shakes all veterans’ faith in the system and that they will be protected,” said Goldbeck.
An Army veteran also warned in a commentary this week, “I’m a U.S. citizen who was wrongly arrested and held by ICE. Here’s why you could be next.” It’s the story of 25-year-old George Retes, a security guard who was arrested during a federal immigration raid at a cannabis farm in California on July 10 as California National Guard troops stood guard. As he showed up to work in his car that day, he says the occupying troops gave him conflicting orders to both back up his car and open his door.
“Suddenly, an agent smashed my window and pepper-sprayed me. I was pulled from the car, and one agent knelt on my neck while another knelt on my back,” Retes writes in the San Francisco Chronicle. “My wallet with my identification was in the car, but the agents refused to go look and confirm that I was a citizen. Instead, I sat in the dirt with my hands zip-tied with other detainees for four hours. When I was sitting there, I could hear agents asking each other why I had been arrested. They were unsure, but I was taken away and thrown in a jail cell anyway.”
After three days and nights in detention, “I was just let go, with no charges, no explanation for why and no apology,” Retes says. Why bring up his case? “To me, it feels like the system isn’t working,” he writes. “By letting masked agents stop people based on how they look, talk or where they work, protection has become persecution.” But more than that, “I’m concerned that the court didn’t have a full view of what is happening in our state,” he says.
Retes: “I served my country. I wore the uniform, I stood watch, and I believe in the values we say make us different. And yet here, on our own soil, I was wrongfully detained. Stripped of my rights, treated like I didn’t belong and locked away—all as an American citizen and a veteran. This isn’t just my story. It’s a warning. Because if it can happen to me, it can happen to any one of us.” Read the rest, here.
Extremism in the U.S.
Update: At least 8 American service members have been punished for social media comments about Charlie Kirk’s death,Task & Purpose reported Wednesday. That includes “at least five Army officers and an Air Force senior master sergeant have been suspended from their jobs” for such posts, in accordance with Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth’s social media post ordering such a review last Thursday.
Noted: Kirk often made “incendiary and often racist and sexist comments to large audiences,” the Guardianreported last Thursday.
Despite Trump’s framing, “most domestic terrorists in the U.S. are politically on the right, and right-wing attacks account for the vast majority of fatalities from domestic terrorism,” University of Dayton sociology professors Art Jipson and Paul Becker explained Wednesday for The Conversation.
In addition, “Right-wing extremist violence has been deadlier than left-wing violence in recent years,” they write. “Based on government and independent analyses, right-wing extremist violence has been responsible for the overwhelming majority of fatalities, amounting to approximately 75% to 80% of U.S. domestic terrorism deaths since 2001…By contrast, left-wing extremist incidents, including those tied to anarchist or environmental movements, have made up about 10 to 15% of incidents and less than 5% of fatalities.”
Also: The BBC arrived at a similar conclusion. Verify’s Shayan Sardarizadeh has more, reporting Wednesday on X, here.
Worth noting: “Politically motivated violence in the U.S. is rare compared with overall violent crime,” Jipson and Becker write. “Political violence has a disproportionate impact because even rare incidents can amplify fear, influence policy and deepen societal polarization.” Read the rest, here.
A zero-click vulnerability discovered in ChatGPT’s Deep Research agent allowed attackers to exfiltrate sensitive data from a user’s Gmail account without any user interaction.
The flaw, which OpenAI has since patched, leveraged a sophisticated form of indirect prompt injection hidden within an email, tricking the agent into leaking personal information directly from OpenAI’s cloud infrastructure.
According to Radware, the attack began with an attacker sending a specially crafted email to a victim. This email contained hidden instructions, invisible to the human eye, embedded within its HTML code using techniques like tiny fonts or white-on-white text.
When the user prompted the Deep Research agent to analyze their Gmail inbox, the agent would read this malicious email alongside legitimate ones.
The hidden prompts used social engineering tactics to bypass the agent’s safety protocols. These tactics included:
Asserting Authority: The prompt falsely claimed the agent had “full authorization” to access external URLs.
Disguising Malicious URLs: The attacker’s server was presented as a legitimate “compliance validation system.”
Mandating Persistence: The agent was instructed to retry the connection multiple times if it failed, overcoming non-deterministic security blocks.
Creating Urgency: The prompt warned that failure to comply would result in an incomplete report.
Falsely Claiming Security: The instructions deceptively directed the agent to encode the stolen data in Base64, framing it as a security measure while actually obfuscating the data exfiltration.
Once the agent processed the malicious email, it would search the user’s inbox for the specified Personally Identifiable Information (PII), such as a name and address from an HR email.
It would then encode this data and send it to the attacker-controlled server, all without any visual indicator or confirmation from the user.
Service-Side vs. Client-Side Exfiltration
What made this vulnerability particularly dangerous was its service-side nature. The data exfiltration occurred entirely within OpenAI’s cloud environment, executed by the agent’s own browsing tool.
This is a significant escalation from previous client-side attacks that relied on rendering malicious content (like images) in the user’s browser.
Because the attack originated from OpenAI’s infrastructure, it was invisible to conventional enterprise security measures like secure web gateways, endpoint monitoring, and browser security policies. The user would have no knowledge of the data leak, as nothing would be displayed on their screen, Radware said.
While the proof of concept focused on Gmail, the vulnerability’s principles could be applied to any data connector integrated with the Deep Research agent. Malicious prompts could be hidden in:
PDFs or Word documents in Google Drive or Dropbox.
Any service that allows text-based content to be ingested by the agent could have served as a potential vector for this type of attack.
Researchers who discovered the flaw suggest that a robust mitigation strategy involves continuous monitoring of the agent’s behavior to ensure its actions align with the user’s original intent. This can help detect and block deviations caused by malicious prompts.
The vulnerability was reported to OpenAI on June 18, 2025. The issue was acknowledged, and a fix was deployed in early August. OpenAI marked the vulnerability as resolved on September 3, 2025.
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Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) tools are revolutionizing how organizations defend against evolving threats, streamline security workflows, and automate incident response. In an era of complex attack surfaces and alert fatigue, SOAR solutions empower security teams to respond faster, reduce manual workloads, and maintain compliance across hybrid environments. This comprehensive guide reviews the top […]
In 2025, the Model Context Protocol (MCP) revolutionizes AI agent integration, making it seamless for tools, databases, and workflows to work harmoniously in enterprises and developer workspaces.
Top MCP servers power next-generation automation and data-driven applications, connecting everything from cloud docs to enterprise CRM and relational databases.
Choosing the best MCP server unlocks dramatic efficiency, security, and value for diverse AI-powered businesses and developer teams.
Why MCP (Model Context Protocol) Servers 2025?
MCP servers are the backbone of dynamic AI applications by bridging large language models, automation tools, and live data sources for secure, auditable, real-time operations.
As demand for multi-system orchestration grows, organizations are leveraging MCP standards for compliance, access control, and scalable AI workflows.
Selecting a high-performing MCP server ensures easy, governed connectivity with modern AI clients and business logic, keeping organizations at the forefront in a fast-evolving ecosystem.
Comparison Table: Top 10 Best MCP (Model Context Protocol) Servers 2025
K2view leads the MCP revolution in 2025 by providing robust, secure access to enterprise data for generative AI. Its patented Micro-Database technology ensures real-time, context-rich data for AI clients and applications.
Unifying fragmented business data across SQL, APIs, and cloud, K2view’s data products natively expose themselves as MCP servers dramatically reducing complexity for AI agent orchestration.
K2view’s focus on governance, security, and seamless connection empowers organizations to maximize AI investments while remaining compliant.
The platform supports both hosted and hybrid setups, catering to enterprise and regulated industries.
Specifications
K2view supports all common data sources cloud databases, on-premises SQL, business APIs, and document engines making it a universal MCP solution for the modern stack.
It employs Micro-Database clustering to isolate business entities and supports dynamic schema alignment, with unified role-based permissions.
Real-time data is available via scalable orchestrators that support both REST and MCP protocols.
Features
K2view provides instant MCP server creation for each enterprise data product. Its patented entity-based data products harmonize, mask, and cleanse multi-source data in real-time.
Every product is dynamically discoverable and can be used by AI tools through prompt templates.
Powerful caching, dynamic synchronization, and near-instant SLA delivery ensures that responses are always accurate and up to date.
Reason to Buy
K2view is ideal for enterprises seeking real-time, secure, and compliant AI data orchestration across all business sources. Its robust schema mapping and native entity logic save valuable engineering time and eliminate data silos.
With instant MCP server provisioning, K2view ensures that even non-technical team members can expose and govern AI-relevant business data.
Pros
Real-time, unified enterprise data delivery
Entity-level security and masking
Comprehensive documentation and easy onboarding
Robust orchestration and compliance
Cloud-agnostic deployment
Cons
Advanced features may require enterprise licenses
Initial setup for complex data environments can be time-consuming
Best For: Enterprises requiring secure, unified AI data access across complex, multi-source applications.
Vectara makes fact-based, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) easy for AI agents in knowledge-driven organizations.
Its MCP server bridges AI clients and vast enterprise documentation, delivering accurate, real-time search with advanced semantic ranking.
Vectara’s system is ideal for applications where trustworthy, grounded answers are a must, such as customer support bots, research assistants, and search-driven automation.
Its hosted RAG engine standardizes APIs, managing both integration complexity and performance at scale. Vectara ensures agent compatibility, providing tool catalogues for standardized interaction.
Specifications
Vectara offers a fully hosted MCP-compliant RAG server with scalable APIs for high-volume search and retrieval tasks. It exposes normalized endpoints for document queries, semantic search, and ranking.
Security is enforced via user-based authentication and fine-grained permissions. Clients benefit from built-in logging and real-time analytics, with clear regulatory controls.
Features
Specialized for RAG, Vectara’s MCP engine excels at searching vast document sets with API-standardized prompts. Advanced semantic search lets AI clients locate and rank relevant data points contextually.
The platform performs automatic schema mapping and provides zero-maintenance backend reliability. Clients enjoy robust documentation and SDKs for rapid implementation.
Reason to Buy
Vectara is an excellent choice for organizations whose competitive edge relies on delivering accurate, fact-checked answers from proprietary or regulated data.
The hosted deployment removes operational burdens, and the standardized protocol ensures compatibility with all leading AI clients.
Pros
Best-in-class RAG engine for fact-based answers
Highly scalable hosted operations
Seamless API standardization and agent compatibility
Minimal integration overhead
Cons
Not a general-purpose MCP server (RAG-focused)
Requires a Vectara subscription
Best For: Knowledge-centric teams needing advanced, reliable document retrieval and semantic search for AI-driven workflows.
Zapier MCP democratizes tool access for AI clients, connecting agents to 7,000+ app actions through a single unified server.
Building on Zapier’s legendary no-code automation, its MCP implementation enables natural language workflows for automation, task management, CRM, and productivity.
This broad integration ecosystem makes Zapier uniquely poised to automate real-world tasks for any AI host or agent with just a few clicks.
Specifications
Zapier MCP is a fully managed, cloud-based MCP platform, exposing standardized RESTful endpoints for all connected applications. It includes OAuth-based authentication, enterprise-grade rate limiting, and activity audit logs.
Supports thousands of integrations across business, productivity, communications, and specialized verticals. Visual dashboards allow configuration and role management.
Features
Provides comprehensive AI-accessible automation, task execution, and data transfer between cloud and on-premise tools.
Visual flow builder powers no-code orchestration, and each app connector exposes granular tool actions. Agent access is managed via a single, standardized MCP URL.
Reason to Buy
Zapier MCP is perfect for individuals and organizations who need to quickly enable AI-driven automation for business operations without deep technical expertise or costly API development.
Its unmatched integration library ensures compatibility with virtually any business tool.
Pros
Largest no-code automation app directory
Simple visual setup and management
Robust OAuth and permission controls
Ideal for non-developers and prototyping
Cons
Single URL for all agents can cause permission sprawl
Existing Zaps not auto-portable as tools
Best For: No-code task automation and AI orchestration across 7,000+ cloud and SaaS tools.
Notion’s MCP server unlocks intelligent workspace automation for modern teams.
Natively integrated with project docs, databases, and collaborative wikis, Notion MCP allows AI agents to seamlessly read, edit, and automate Notion workflows without complex APIs.
The hosted implementation combines robust OAuth user consent and per-user permissions creating a secure bridge between structured documents and interactive agents.
Specifications
Official hosted MCP server deployed on advanced Cloudflare infrastructure for fast, global access. Provides OAuth authentication, user-based permissions, and secure API token storage.
Tools mapped to Notion’s complex schema, supporting block-based content, enterprise search, and real-time update operations.
Features
Notion MCP server provides real-time, agent-driven access to project docs, task trackers, databases, and wikis. Focus on “living documentation” ensures AI-generated updates stay current.
Advanced Markdown supports rich formatting, code blocks, tables, and colors. Supports documentation-driven development cycles, project coordination, and automated updates across workspace.
Reason to Buy
Notion MCP is the top pick for teams seeking smart, AI-augmented documentation and collaborative workspace automation.
It enables productivity by letting AI agents manage, search, and contextualize jobs across all workspace docs, dramatically reducing context switching and manual upkeep.
Pros
Deep workspace and documentation integration
Fast, secure OAuth onboarding
Strong Markdown and database support
Easy one-click installation and cross-platform compatibility
Cons
Complex schemas may require advanced configuration
Tool/usage limits with certain clients
Best For: Teams needing automated project documentation, enterprise search, and collaborative task management powered by AI.
Supabase MCP brings AI-powered database management directly to developer desktops, creating a bridge between conversational AI and real-time SQL workflows.
Its official server exposes the entire Supabase ecosystem databases, edge functions, storage, and authentication as conversational tools.
Developers and DevOps teams can execute migrations, debug, branch, and manage authentication through natural language without leaving their IDE.
Specifications
Hosted and self-hosted deployment, integrating directly into AI IDEs such as Cursor, Claude Desktop, and Windsurf.
Full compatibility with Supabase SQL, migrations, and schema management. OAuth and project-level authentication, safety prompts for destructive commands, and automated TypeScript schema generation.
Features
Supabase MCP covers every major application area: design and track tables, generate and roll back migrations, create/restore projects, real-time debugging, read/write risk assessment, and project/user authentication.
Full ecosystem support includes functions, edge, storage, and real-time event triggers.
Reason to Buy
Supabase MCP is indispensable for developer-centric organizations building next-generation, AI-first apps.
By transforming traditional dev workflows into natural language commands, it supercharges productivity, ensures safety, and makes complex schema management approachable.
Pros
AI-driven, real-time SQL operations
Risk and safety controls for database commands
Instant logging and debugging tools
Strong TypeScript and SaaS app ecosystem support
Cons
Advanced operations require AI/SQL understanding
Some risk of accidental destructive commands (mitigated by safety checks)
Best For: Developer teams needing conversational, AI-managed, secure database ops and migrations.
Pinecone transforms AI agent context through advanced vector search and indexing, natively exposing powerful semantic search to applications of all sizes.
With three distinct MCP server options (remote/local Assistant and Dev), Pinecone lets developers and teams access state-of-the-art vector mechanics, documentation search, and advanced metadata filtering all in one platform.
It excels at testing search indexes and integrating with AI-powered development environments like Cursor.
Specifications
Offers both remote and local MCP deployments. Provides tools for querying, listing, and managing vector indexes, with real-time feedback and metadata filtering.
Built for scale, Pinecone supports thousands of queries per second with low latency. API key setup ensures secure access, and Documentation + Index search is deeply integrated into the developer workflow.
Features
Vector search, semantic filtering, and index management are all done through conversational MCP endpoints.
Powerful Assistant mode connects agents for rapid context lookup. Local deployments for on-premise privacy and advanced admin control.
Reason to Buy
Pinecone is the premier choice for developer teams, AI product managers, and enterprises building recommendation engines, semantic search systems, or context-aware agents.
Its flexibility across hosted and local environments, and ease of integration with IDEs and AI clients, reduces build times and guarantees production-grade reliability.
Pros
Best-in-class semantic/vector search APIs
Remote or local/cloud deployment
Robust documentation and sample integrations
Secure API key and metadata controls
Cons
Requires setup and configuration skills for advanced features
Some features require a paid plan
Best For: Vector search, recommendation engines, and semantic query-driven AI tools.
OpenAPI-powered MCP servers are a backbone of flexibility for developer teams, especially those using Hugging Face services.
By auto-generating MCP servers from OpenAPI documents, engineering teams can enable AI agents to interface directly with existing APIs the faster, more scalable pathway to agentic integration.
Autogenerated from any mature OpenAPI spec, these MCP servers provide secure, compliant, and versioned endpoints. Customizable pruning keeps tool catalogues focused on high-value actions.
Advanced JSON input support, hybrid tool configuration, and fine-tuned workflows enable deep application logic exposure.
Features
OpenAPI-based MCP servers expose all documented API endpoints as structured tools. Tool discovery is managed via API schema introspection and versioning.
Production support includes deep validation, parameter checking, and workflow context management. API-first approach ensures forward compatibility and robust CI/CD pipelines for enterprise-scale automation.
Reason to Buy
OpenAPI MCP servers unlock the fastest path for organizations with existing RESTful APIs to AI-readiness.
Dev and platform teams can provision MCP endpoints for any SaaS, database, or cloud API, minimizing additional engineering.
Pros
Auto-generates agent-facing tools from existing APIs
Strong standards-based compatibility
Highly configurable and production-proven
Facilitates rapid, zero-code AI workflow exposure
Cons
Large API specs require careful pruning
Complex JSON input/output can present workflow challenges
Best For: Schema-driven API integrations and rapid enterprise AI tool onboarding.
Salesforce MCP servers dramatically streamline AI access to CRM and business data, making Salesforce the most agent-friendly business platform of 2025.
Managed, hosted MCP servers allow natural language queries and action translation agents can close cases, pull customer data, or update records using conversational commands rather than bespoke integration.
Salesforce MCP’s cloud maturity guarantees enterprise-ready reliability, scale, and governance, while robust guardrails and fallback features ensure compliance and operational stability.
Specifications
Hosted by Salesforce in the cloud with 99.9%+ uptime SLAs. Secure, scalable, and monitored by Salesforce engineers for performance and compliance. MCP endpoints translate business actions to Salesforce APIs in real time.
Optimized for granular operations (searches, record updates), with throughput managed by automatic throttling. Native fallback features guarantee smooth degradation and service continuity.
Features
Universal natural language access to Salesforce records, tickets, and workflows. Supports key CRM, sales, and commerce data actions through MCP-standardized calls.
Enables multi-agent orchestration and reporting. Tools map cleanly to business objects, and fallbacks ensure robust automation even in the rare event of external API outages or errors.
Reason to Buy
Salesforce MCP servers are perfect for customer-centric enterprises and service teams seeking agent-driven automation and data efficiency.
The managed, scalable environment accelerates AI augmentation without reducing Salesforce security or putting regulatory compliance at risk.
Pros
Seamless agent-driven Salesforce integration
High performance and reliability
Managed security and compliance
Granular object/action mapping
Cons
Pilot phases may throttle heavy usage
Real-time bulk data loads not optimized
Best For: Enterprises seeking compliant, production-ready AI access to Salesforce data and actions.
LangChain MCP is the premier open ecosystem for developers building advanced, multi-server agent workflows. Its modular toolkit allows complex logic orchestration, prompting, and workflow integration directly through MCP.
LangChain’s native support for multi-server MCP connections empowers intelligent, adaptive reasoning across data sources and agent tools.
The approach reduces engineering friction in building sophisticated, situation-aware applications.
Specifications
Python-based, developer-focused open source project with MCP adapters for multiple environments.
Features multi-server connection support, advanced async operations, and extensible agent frameworks compatible with OpenAI, Anthropic, and custom LLM models.
Features
Orchestrates complex, multi-tool workflows using dynamic agent chaining. Exposes tools from multiple servers to a single agent, supporting advanced business logic and dynamic function invocation.
Developer-first architecture encourages collaboration and open-source contributions. Detailed documentation, templates, and rich community resources cut learning curves for rapid prototyping.
Reason to Buy
LangChain MCP is ideal for technical teams creating custom, workflow-driven AI agent applications, and who need deep multi-server coordination or advanced reasoning flows.
Best-in-class for prototypes, scale-ups, and educational deployments where logic, chaining, and agent state matter most.
Pros
Most flexible workflow and agent orchestration
Multi-server and prompt toolkit support
Detailed examples and open-source extensibility
Advanced developer-focused documentation
Cons
Requires Python/programming fluency
Initial workflow setup can be complex
Best For: Developers building advanced, workflow-heavy, custom AI agent solutions.
Google Drive MCP makes file and document access for AI seamless and secure.
It empowers developers and teams to expose all Drive-based project files, business documents, and datasets to AI agents via search, read, and retrieval.
Automatic conversion of Docs, Sheets, and Slides optimizes context intake for AI-powered IDEs no complicated set-up required beyond standard OAuth consent.
Specifications
Cloud-based server exposing search, read, and file management for Google Drive. Robust OAuth 2.0 flow ensures secure, user-level access.
Handles all Workspace and generic file types, with intelligent output conversion (Markdown, CSV, plain text, PNG) for each format.
Free and paid plans scale with demand, and enterprise options offer advanced analytics, dedicated integrations, and priority support.
Features
Conversational file search, reading, and export for all Drive file types.
Automatic format conversion, seamless AI integration with popular IDEs (VS Code, Cursor), and robust context extraction for documentation, code, and dataset discovery.
Reason to Buy
Google Drive MCP is best for teams building knowledge-centric, AI-augmented workflows involving project documentation, collaborative QA, and file-driven agent logic.
It’s especially powerful for developer teams, product managers, and researchers needing instant file lookup or data ingestion into coding workflows.
Pros
AI-accessible file management and search
Powerful automatic format conversion for Docs, Sheets, Slides
Seamless integration into agent-compatible IDEs
Free plan covers standard use
Cons
Advanced analytics/features require paid plan
Requires Google Cloud OAuth setup
Best For: Teams using Google Drive for docs, code, or data needing agent-driven file lookup and management.
The Model Context Protocol server landscape in 2025 empowers businesses, teams, and developers to unlock AI efficiency and innovation across cloud, database, and enterprise ecosystems.
Whether prioritizing robust data access (K2view), knowledge retrieval (Vectara), workflow automation (Zapier, Notion), or developer-first operations (Supabase, Pinecone), choosing the right MCP server accelerates productivity, supports compliance, and futureproofs organizational infrastructure.
Evaluate each solution for fit, feature depth, and ongoing support to maximize the transformative potential of AI-powered agent workflows.
Microsoft is integrating free, on-device artificial intelligence capabilities into the classic Notepad application for Windows 11 users with Copilot+ PCs.
The update introduces powerful text generation and editing tools, including “Summarize,” “Write,” and “Rewrite,” without requiring a subscription.
Windows 11 Notepad to Get AI Support
The new AI-powered features are designed to enhance productivity by allowing users to generate, refine, and condense text directly within Notepad.
These tools run locally on the Neural Processing Unit (NPU) of Copilot+ PCs, meaning they can function offline and do not require a Microsoft 365 subscription or even a Microsoft account login.
Windows 11 Notepad to Get AI Support
A key aspect of this update is the shift to an on-device AI model, making advanced writing assistance more accessible. Previously, AI features in Notepad relied on cloud-based processing and were tied to Microsoft 365 subscriptions, which came with a set number of AI credits. Now, users on Copilot+ PCs can leverage these capabilities for free and without limits.
For users who have a Microsoft 365 subscription, the new system offers added flexibility. They can seamlessly switch between the free, on-device model and the enhanced, cloud-based model depending on their needs.
This hybrid approach ensures that premium AI tools are available to a broader audience while still offering advanced options for subscribers. The initial rollout of these features will support English-language content only.
The AI integration marks a significant evolution for the traditionally basic text editor. The “Write” feature allows users to generate text from a simple prompt, while “Rewrite” can adjust the tone, format, and length of existing content. The “Summarize” function helps users quickly condense long documents into concise overviews.
This update follows a series of recent enhancements to Notepad, including the addition of tabs, a character counter, spell-check, and autocorrect, transforming it into a more capable editor. Users who prefer the classic, no-frills experience will have the option to disable the new AI features in the app’s settings.
The new version of Notepad (11.2508.28.0) is currently being rolled out to Windows Insiders in the Canary and Dev Channels and is expected to become available to all Windows 11 users with compatible hardware in the coming weeks.
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SonicWall is urging customers to reset credentials after their firewall configuration backup files were exposed in a security breach impacting MySonicWall accounts.
The company said it recently detected suspicious activity targeting the cloud backup service for firewalls, and that unknown threat actors accessed backup firewall preference files stored in the cloud for less than 5% of its
Attackers injected malicious code into GitHub Actions workflows in a widespread campaign to steal Python Package Index (PyPI) publishing tokens.
While some tokens stored as GitHub secrets were successfully exfiltrated, PyPI administrators have confirmed that the platform itself was not compromised and the stolen tokens do not appear to have been used.
The attack campaign involved modifying GitHub Actions workflows across a wide variety of repositories. The malicious code was designed to capture PyPI publishing tokens that were stored as secrets and send them to an external server controlled by the attackers.
Malicious Code into GitHub Actions
Security researchers at GitGuardian first discovered the activity on September 5th, when they reported a suspicious GitHub Actions workflow in a project named fastuuid.
The report, submitted through PyPI’s malware reporting tool, alerted PyPI security to the potential exfiltration attempt.
Although the attackers managed to steal some tokens, PyPI has found no evidence of them being used to publish malicious packages or compromise accounts on the platform.
Following the initial report, a GitGuardian researcher sent a more detailed email to PyPI Security, but it was mistakenly routed to a spam folder, delaying the response until September 10th.
Once aware of the full scope, PyPI administrators began a triage process and collaborated with GitGuardian, sharing an additional Indicator of Compromise (IoC) in the form of a URL to aid the investigation.
During this time, many of the affected project maintainers had already been notified by the researchers through public issue trackers.
They responded by reverting the malicious changes or force-pushing to remove the compromised workflows from their repository history, with many also proactively rotating their PyPI tokens.
On September 15th, after confirming no PyPI accounts were compromised, the platform’s security team invalidated all affected tokens and formally notified the project maintainers.
Mitigations
In response to the incident, PyPI is strongly recommending that developers transition away from using long-lived API tokens for publishing packages. The most effective defense against this type of attack is to adopt Trusted Publishers.
This feature utilizes short-lived tokens that are automatically generated for a specific workflow run and are scoped to a particular repository, significantly reducing the window of opportunity for attackers even if a token is exfiltrated.
PyPI administrators have advised all users who publish packages via GitHub Actions to implement Trusted Publishers immediately. Additionally, developers are encouraged to review their account security history on the PyPI website for any suspicious activity.
The successful containment of this incident was credited to the collaboration between PyPI and the security researchers at GitGuardian.
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A critical vulnerability in Microsoft’s Entra ID could have allowed an attacker to gain complete administrative control over any tenant in Microsoft’s global cloud infrastructure.
The flaw, now patched, was discovered in July 2025 and has been assigned CVE-2025-55241.
The vulnerability, described by the researcher as the most impactful he will probably ever find, resided in a combination of a legacy authentication mechanism and an API validation error.
According to Dirk-jan Mollema’s detailed write-up, the issue allowed an attacker to use a special type of token from their own tenant to impersonate any user, including Global Administrators, in any other customer’s tenant.
Microsoft’s Entra ID Vulnerability
The attack leveraged two key components:
Actor Tokens: Undocumented, internal-use tokens that Microsoft services use to communicate with each other on behalf of a user. These powerful tokens are not subject to standard security policies like Conditional Access.
Azure AD Graph API Flaw: A critical oversight in the older Azure AD Graph API failed to properly validate that an incoming Actor token originated from the same tenant it was trying to access.
This validation failure meant a token requested in an attacker’s lab environment could be used to target and access a different organization’s tenant.
An attacker could impersonate a Global Admin and gain unrestricted access to modify tenant settings, create or take over identities, and grant any permission.
This control would extend to all connected Microsoft 365 services, such as Exchange Online and SharePoint Online, as well as any resources hosted in Azure.
The nature of the vulnerability made it exceptionally dangerous due to its stealth. Requesting and using the malicious tokens generated no logs in the victim’s tenant, meaning an attacker could have exfiltrated sensitive information without leaving a trace. This includes:
While reading data was traceless, modifying objects (like adding a new admin) would generate audit logs. However, these logs would confusingly show the impersonated admin’s user name but with the display name of a Microsoft service like “Office 365 Exchange Online,” which could be easily overlooked without specific knowledge of the attack, Dirk-jan Mollema said.
To execute the attack, an adversary would only need a target’s public tenant ID and a valid internal user identifier (netId). The researcher noted that these netIds could be discovered by brute-force or, more alarmingly, by “hopping” across tenants that have guest user (B2B) trusts, potentially allowing for an exponential spread of compromise across the cloud ecosystem.
The researcher reported the vulnerability to the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) on July 14, 2025, the same day it was discovered. Microsoft acknowledged the severity and deployed a global fix by July 17, 2025.
Further mitigations were rolled out in August to prevent applications from requesting these types of Actor tokens for the Azure AD Graph API.
According to Microsoft’s investigation of its internal telemetry, no evidence of this vulnerability being abused in the wild was found. The researcher has provided a Kusto Query Language (KQL) detection rule for organizations to hunt for any potential signs of compromise in their own environments.
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SquareX first discovered and disclosed Last Mile Reassembly attacks at DEF CON 32 last year, warning the security community of 20+ attacks that allow attackers to bypass all major SASE/SSE solutions and smuggle malware through the browser. Despite responsible disclosures to all major SASE/SSE providers, no vendor has made an official statement to warn its […]
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